Health professionals are raising concerns about the increasing incidence of testicular cancer among young men, highlighting a significant gap in awareness of the disease. This form of cancer is now the most prevalent among men aged 20 to 40, affecting nearly 10,000 individuals each year. A recent survey from Ohio State University indicates that nearly 90% of young men are unaware that the cancer is most likely to develop before they turn 40.
Despite the alarming rise in cases, only 35% of respondents believe that cancer screenings should begin before this age. Researchers stress that early detection is crucial, as treatment becomes more complicated in later stages. Dr. Shawn Dason, a urologist and lead researcher on the study, emphasized the importance of routine self-examinations, stating, “Testicular cancer does not typically come with painful symptoms. That’s why routine self-exams are so important to detect any lumps or changes to the testicle.”
Dr. Dason noted that many are surprised to learn that testicular cancer predominantly affects young men. The personal testimony of five-time Olympic gold medalist Nathan Adrian underscores this point; he was diagnosed at 30 after noticing a hard lump. Adrian shared his experience to shed light on the condition, noting that many young men focus on careers and daily life rather than health concerns.
The survey, which included 1,008 adults, revealed that just over half believed in the importance of monthly self-checks for testicular cancer. Only 13% correctly identified the predominant age group affected by the disease, while 63% understood that early detection greatly increases the chances of successful treatment. However, 18% mistakenly believed that the disease is always accompanied by pain.
Symptoms of testicular cancer can include a lump or swelling in the scrotum, or a heavy feeling in that area. When detected early, the five-year survival rate is approximately 95%, but this rate drops to 73% if the cancer has spread.
Dr. Dason remarked on the fortunate situation surrounding the disease, noting that most patients are diagnosed before it has spread. Testicular cancer primarily affects germ cells, the reproductive cells responsible for sperm production, which are most active in younger men. Research indicates that factors such as height, ethnicity (White), and family history play a role in increased risk, although some studies suggest that being overweight is not a significant factor.
A 2024 study from California reported a nearly 10% rise in testicular cancer rates among individuals under 39 over two decades, alongside CDC data indicating an increase in diagnosed cases from 6.3 to 6.8 per 100,000 men between 1999 and 2021. Treatment typically begins with surgery to remove the affected testicle and tumor, followed by further tests to determine if the cancer has spread.
Both Lance Armstrong, diagnosed at 25, and Nathan Adrian have shared their cancer journeys to promote awareness. Adrian was diagnosed with stage two testicular cancer in December 2018 and underwent surgery after feeling something unusual. JMichael Shipman, who faced a diagnosis at 21, emphasizes the importance of monitoring for any new cancers post-treatment.
The Ohio State survey, conducted between May 2 and 5, engaged 978 respondents through an online platform, with 30 participating via telephone.