Metabolic syndrome has recently become a trending topic on social media platforms like TikTok, where countless videos explore this health issue, also known as metabolic dysfunction or disorder. Many of these discussions revolve around the idea that the restoration of mitochondrial health, often termed the “powerhouses of cells,” is crucial to improving metabolic well-being.
This conversation has been significantly influenced by Calley and Casey Means, the authors of the successful book *Good Energy*. Casey Means is notably listed as Donald Trump’s nominee for surgeon general, while Calley is recognized for her work as an entrepreneur and lobbyist—together, they are seen by some as proponents of the Make America Healthy Again movement.
Experts emphasize the importance of being aware of metabolic syndrome, which is a genuine and widespread health condition. While some online voices share fact-based information, others may engage in what Tim Caulfield, a professor and research director at the Health Law Institute at the University of Alberta, describes as “scienceploitation”—the use of scientific terms to market untested products and diets. This concern is particularly relevant as Casey Means has faced criticism for endorsing products like mitochondrial health supplements.
Taking proactive steps to mitigate the risks associated with metabolic syndrome could have significant benefits. However, misinformation may lead to unnecessary distress, skepticism, and financial loss. Here’s what healthcare professionals and researchers have to say about this pressing health issue.
Metabolic syndrome comprises a range of conditions that elevate the likelihood of serious health problems, including diabetes, stroke, and heart disease. This cluster includes high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excessive abdominal fat, elevated blood triglycerides, and reduced levels of HDL cholesterol, commonly known as “good cholesterol.” As stated by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, individuals exhibiting three or more of these conditions may be diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.
Dr. Blanca Lizaola-Mayo, a quadruple board-certified physician and Medical Director of the Transplant Hepatology Center at the Mayo Clinic in Arizona, explains, “When you combine these conditions, you develop metabolic syndrome.”
Many affected by metabolic syndrome often also experience insulin resistance, making it difficult for cells to absorb glucose, which increases blood sugar levels and the related health risks. Insulin is a vital hormone involved in metabolic regulation, and factors such as poor diet and chronic stress can disrupt its function, contributing to the onset of metabolic syndrome, according to Lizaola-Mayo.
The terms “metabolic dysfunction” and “metabolic syndrome” are commonly used interchangeably online, as noted by Lizaola-Mayo. However, “metabolic syndrome” specifically refers to distinct medical conditions, while “metabolic dysfunction” lacks a clear definition but generally describes a poorly functioning metabolism.
According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, approximately one in three adults in the United States has metabolic syndrome, while in the UK, the figure is about one in four.
Though the likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome increases with age, its overall prevalence continues to rise. This trend may be linked to factors such as sedentary lifestyles and the increasing availability of highly processed foods that can trigger inflammation, as explained by Lizaola-Mayo.
Mitochondria, the cell components that convert nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP)—the energy currency for cellular functions—play a critical role in overall health. Martin Picard, an associate professor and researcher in the Mitochondrial Psychobiology Group at Columbia University Irving Medical Center, emphasizes the importance of having efficient mitochondria that communicate effectively. Individuals with metabolic syndrome may exhibit signs of diminished mitochondrial function, notes Matt Rossman, an assistant research professor at the University of Colorado, Boulder.
The phrase “mitochondrial dysfunction” often refers to mitochondria operating below their optimal efficiency rather than being damaged. This distinction is critical, as asserted by Jerry Chipuk, a professor at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Research suggests that while a person with metabolic syndrome might have less effective mitochondria, this is not the same as having a mitochondrial disease, which is quite rare.
The signs that may indicate metabolic syndrome include the underlying health conditions noted earlier, such as high blood sugar and hypertension. Lizaola-Mayo points out that it can be a “silent disease,” noting that many individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes may have been unaware they were diabetic for years. Other subtle indicators of declining metabolic health can include frequent headaches, blurry vision, excessive thirst, increased urination, and unexplained fatigue. Medical professionals typically utilize blood tests and blood pressure evaluations to diagnose metabolic syndrome.
Genetic and environmental influences play a role in the development of metabolic syndrome, but the latter is within individuals’ control. Lizaola-Mayo highlights the challenges of maintaining a nutritious diet and regular exercise amid time constraints and misleading marketing claims about food products.
However, adopting a balanced diet and engaging in regular physical activity can prevent or even reverse metabolic syndrome, even without significant weight loss. “We need to change our nutrition for good,” Lizaola-Mayo emphasizes. In cases where metabolic syndrome has progressed to type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 medications may assist, though they should be combined with lifestyle changes for effective long-term outcomes.
Preventive measures, including regular blood work and screenings, are crucial for avoiding future health issues. Lizaola-Mayo advises anyone concerned about metabolic syndrome to schedule a checkup with their primary care physician.
Maintaining healthy mitochondria is essential; they require various nutrients to produce ATP effectively, and a diet high in carbohydrates or sugars can hinder their performance. Regular exercise positively impacts mitochondrial function, increasing their quantity and improving energy production, according to Rossman.
Chipuk warns that not all weight-loss methods are healthy and that emphasis should be on strengthening the body rather than merely shedding pounds. Additionally, harmful behaviors such as chronic smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can affect mitochondrial health. Positive experiences in life appear to correlate with better mitochondrial function, Picard observes.
Currently, research into mitochondrial health supplements is ongoing, yet most lack substantial medical validation for treating metabolic syndrome, according to Lizaola-Mayo. Rossman calls for further large-scale randomized trials to assess potential clinical benefits. “You can achieve more with exercise and a simple, healthy diet,” Lizaola-Mayo states, cautioning that some supplements may contain harmful additives.
Navigating health choices can prove challenging, particularly for those who feel unwell, as Tim Caulfield suggests. “The conventional healthcare system does not treat people well, especially women and people of color,” he remarks. It is understandable that individuals may seek guidance online amidst these challenges, but Caufield warns against “grifters exploiting genuine problems in the healthcare system” using scientific jargon to market their products. He advises vigilance when encountering overly simplistic solutions to complex health issues, reminding consumers that if something appears too good to be true, it likely is.